Pepper: Sow and Grow GuideUpdated 14 days ago
Peppers are versatile and vibrant plants that can be sweet or spicy, making them a favorite in many gardens. Here's a concise guide to successfully sowing and growing peppers.
When to Sow
Sow pepper seeds indoors 8-10 weeks before the last frost date. Peppers need warm soil to germinate, so they should be started indoors and transplanted outdoors after the danger of frost has passed and nighttime temperatures are consistently above 55°F.
Indoor Sowing
Start seeds in seed trays or small pots filled with a light, well-draining soil mix. Sow seeds 1/4 inch deep and keep the soil moist and warm, ideally between 70-85°F. Use a heat mat if necessary to maintain warmth. Peppers typically germinate within 7-21 days. Once seedlings have several sets of true leaves and outdoor temperatures are warm enough, harden them off by gradually exposing them to outdoor conditions over a week before transplanting.
Outdoor Transplanting
Choose a sunny location with well-drained, fertile soil. Transplant seedlings 18-24 inches apart in rows spaced 24-36 inches apart. Peppers thrive in warm soil, so consider using black plastic mulch to warm the soil before transplanting. Water the transplants thoroughly after planting and apply a balanced fertilizer to encourage growth.
Care and Maintenance
Peppers require full sun and regular watering, especially during flowering and fruiting. Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Mulch around the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. As the plants grow, support them with stakes or cages to keep the branches upright, especially when they start bearing fruit. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer every 4-6 weeks during the growing season.
Pests and Diseases
Common pests include aphids, spider mites, and cutworms. These can be managed with insecticidal soap or by introducing beneficial insects like ladybugs. Peppers can also be susceptible to fungal diseases such as powdery mildew and blossom-end rot. Ensure good air circulation, avoid overhead watering, and maintain consistent soil moisture to prevent these issues.
Harvesting
Peppers can be harvested at any stage, depending on your preference. For the best flavor, allow sweet peppers to fully ripen and change color on the plant. Hot peppers can be picked when they reach their mature size and color. Use scissors or garden shears to cut the peppers from the plant, leaving a short stem attached. Regular harvesting encourages more fruit production.
Garden Use
Peppers are ideal for garden beds, raised beds, and containers. They are also excellent companion plants for tomatoes, basil, and onions. Peppers thrive in warm, sunny locations and can add both beauty and flavor to your garden.
For further details, visit the full guide on the Botanical Interests Blog.